Crystal Quartz
Since approximately 1970 most crystal quartz components have been produced from man-made cultured quartz, which has the same physical, optical and electronic properties as natural quartz. Cultured quartz stones exhibit all the faceting of natural quartz except that the longest dimension is usually Y, whereas natural quartz is usually longest in Z.
Material Characteristics
| Physical Properties | |
|---|---|
| Molecular weight | 60.06 |
| Density | 2.65 g/cm3 |
| Crystal class | Hexagonal |
| Moh's hardness | 7 |
|
Electrical Q Mechanical Q |
Approximately 2 million 180,000 - 290,000 |
| Melting temperature | 1610 °C |
| Curie point | 573 °C |
| Thermal expansion |
7.97 x 10-6/°C parallel to Z-axis in a temp. range from 0°C to 80°C. 13.37 x 10-6/°C perpendicular to Z-axis in a temp. range from 0°C to 80°C |
| Thermal conductivity @ 50 °C |
0.0255 cal/(cm/sec/°C) parallel to Z-axis. 0.0148 cal/(cm/sec/°C) perpendicular to Z-axis. |
| Optical Properties | |
| Refractive index (λ in µm) |
no2 = 3.4269 + 1.0654 x 10-2 /C(λ2 - 0.010627) ne2 = 3.5612557 + 0.00844614 /(λ2 - 0.0127493) + 0.00276113 /(λ2 - 0.000974) + 127.2 /(λ2 - 108) 201.9 °/mm @ 2265.03 Angstroms 95.02 °/mm @ 3034.12 Angstroms 21.724 °/mm @ 5892.9 Angstroms 11.589 °/mm @ 7947.63 Angstroms 0.972 °/mm @ 25000 Angstroms |
| Fresnel loss | 8.2% @ 2 µm |
| Transmission range |
0.4 µm - 4.5 µm 50 - 200 µm |
Piezoelectric & Dielectric Properties
| d11 = -2.30 x 10-12 C/N | e11 = 0.171 C/m2 |
| d14 = 0.67 | e14 = 0.0403 |
| g11 = -5.80 x 10-2 m2/C | h11 = 4.36 x 109 N/C |
| g14 = 1.82 x 10-2 | h14 = 1.03 |
| εs11/ε0 = 4.42 | εT11/e0 = 4.52 |
| εs33/ε0 = 4.63 | εT33/ε0 = 4.70 |
Elastic Constants
| Young's Modulus |
14.9 PSI parallel to Z-axis 11.3 PSI perpendicular to Z-axis |
| Modulus of Rigidity |
6.65 PSI parallel to Z-axis 5.05 PSI perpendicular to Z-axis |
| SE11 = 12.77 X 10-12 m2/N | CE11 = 86.74 X 109 N/m2 |
| SE12 = -1.79 | CE12 = 6.99 |
| SE13 = -1.22 | CE13 = 11.91 |
| SE14 = 4.50 | CE14 = -17.91 |
| SE33 = 9.60 | CE33 = 107.2 |
| SE44 = 20.04 | CE44 = 57.94 |
| SE66 = 29.12 | CE66 = 39.88 |
| SD11 = 12.79 | CD11 = 87.49 |
| SD12 = -1.54 | CD12 = 6.87 |
| SD13 = -1.10 | CD13 = 11.91 |
| SD14 = -4.46 | CD14 = -18.09 |
| SD33 = 9.56 | CD33 = 107.2 |
| SD44 = 19.78 | CD44 = 57.98 |
| SD66 = 28.66 | CD66 = 40.63 |
Direction Dependent Properties
| Orientation | X | Y | AT | AC | BC | ST |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wave type | Comp. | Shear | Shear | Shear | Shear | Surface |
| Wave speed (m/s) | 5700 | 3850 | 3320 | 3300 | 5000 | 3158 |
| Coupling factor | .10 | -.14 | -0.088 | -.10 | -.04 | -.0011 |
| d (pC/N) | 2.3 | -4.6 | -3.4 | -3.7 | -0.9 | --- |
